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研究生:
蕭仁釗
學位類別:
博士
校院名稱:
國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:
心理學研究所
學年度: 88
[摘要]
本研究之目的有二：一為探討「一般性格特徵」對於身心健康之影響，並分辨該項影響是直接影響身心健康抑透過壓力之因應而形成間接影響；同時亦分辨此種影響效果是不利的或有益的，或者是可衝緩壓力所帶來的影響。二為以客家族群為主題，以心理學的方法檢視「客家族群性格特徵」及其「社會支持特性」。並了解族群性格特徵與族群社會支持特性對於壓力因應與身心健康之影響。以壓力模式為基本的研究架構進行大樣本調查研究與小樣本深度訪談。資料分析結果發現：一般性格特徵是以楊國樞（民88）修訂的五大性格特質進行測量，其中「勢利浮誇」對身心症狀有直接與間接效果且是不利因子，「溫良寬厚」有間接效果，「外向開朗」有間接效果且為緩衝因子，「沈穩幹練」有直接、間接效果且為緩衝因子，「衝動倔強」有直接效果且為不利因子。可見不同的性格特質對於身心症狀有不同之影響。而且在將受試者區分為客家族群與其他族群兩組後進行分析，結果發現，對於不同族群的受試者來說，不同性格特質對於壓力因應與身心症狀的影響途徑是有不同。以客家族群為例研究性格與族群因素對於負向生活事件因應與其對健康之影響，用開放式問題蒐集客家人對於族群特性的概念，編製成的客家族群性格特徵量表可以得出四項客家性格特徵因素：「堅忍，堅持不妥協」、「刻苦耐勞，勤勞節儉」、「團結合作，重感情」、及「求新求變，勇於嘗試」。這四項族群性格特徵分別對於身心健康與壓力因應的影響途徑也不相同。其中「刻苦耐勞，勤勞節儉」對身心症狀有直接效果且為緩衝因子。而「堅忍，堅持不妥協」則有直接效果與間接效果；加總起來為不利因子。其原因分別討論於本文中。根據這項研究結果，本研究建議可將此族群性格特徵與其對壓力因應、身心健康之影響應用於有關於族群健康議題之介入。最後並提出本研究之限制與建議。
Abstract
There are two purposes in this research, firstly, to examine how
"general personality trait" affect the conditions of health, and to
study whether it is direct effect or via the stress coping process;
and, as well, to discriminate whether the effect is risk, salutogenic,
or buffering factors. The second purpose is to investigate how the
Hakka ethnic personality traits and characteristic of social support
affect their coping and health. Taking the stress model as the basic
research conceptual framework, a survey by questionaires with large
samples and interviews by focus interview method with small samples
were carried out. The findings are: on the influences of general
personality traits, which were rated by Yang's(1999)"Big Five", there
are different effects by each trait on the conditions of health. "Vonglorious-Cunning"
has a direct effect on "psychosomatic symptoms", and has an indirect
effect through "negative coping" on "psychosomatic symptoms".
"Gentle-Generous" has an indirect effect via "secondary appraisal" and
"negative coping" on "psychosomatic symptoms".
"Extrovert-Broad-minded" has an indirect effect through "negative
coping" on "psychosomatic symptoms". "Calm-Competent" has a direct
effect on "psychosomatic symptoms", and has an indirect effect through
"negative coping" on "psychosomatic symptoms". "Implusive-Introusigent"
has a direct effect on "psychosomatic symptoms". And for different
ethnic subjects, the paths of influences by different kinds of trait
affect coping and health are also different. For the Hakka ethnic
group, the effects of four Hakka ethnic personality traits, which were
rated by scales developed in this study, affect on coping and health
are different, too. "Insistent-determined " has a direct effect on
"psychosomatic symptoms", and has an indirect effect through "negative
coping". "Enduring-hardship" has a direct effect on " psychosomatic
symptoms". "Unity" has an indirect effect through "secondary
appraisal" and "negative coping" on "psychosomatic symptoms".
"Seeking-for-change" has an indirect effect via "negative coping" on
"psychosomatic symptoms". The research suggest this finding can apply
to the interventions of health issues of Hakka ethnic group. |
