屏東地區水田休耕水資源調配之評估

研究生: 王復生

學位類別: 碩士

校院名稱: 屏東科技大學

學年度: 90

[摘要]

政府自民國八十六年起既推動「水旱田利用調整計畫」來調整水稻等保價作物的生產結構,在加入世界貿易組織之後,稻米將開放進口,民國九十年國內33.39萬公頃的稻作面積,加入WTO後必須急降至30萬公頃。所以必須實施稻田分區輪流休耕,調整國內稻米生產結構及面積,配合農田水利會灌溉系統規劃分年分區輪休,重新對屏東地區因水田休耕所釋出的水資源,做合理的調配。

本研究完成屏東農田水利會18個工作站之灌溉系統示意圖、幹支線長度、水旱田灌溉面積、地表水地下水水權、抽水機馬力及口數、抽水井用電度數、灌溉計畫等資料蒐集的整理分析。此外針對屏東地區重大投資開發案,各標的用水量供水分析計畫進行評估。屏東農田水利會耕作面積為24,996公頃,佔屏東縣耕地面積約36%,其中水田面積約有5,910公頃。灌溉計畫地面水取水量為375.1百萬立方公尺,地下水配合量約為141.4百萬立方公尺。水田全部休耕後可以釋出用水約167百萬立方公尺,其中隘寮溪水系約為54.8百萬立方公尺,高屏溪水系約為67.6百萬立方公尺,東港溪水系約為44.3百萬立方公尺。並以地下水最小抽水量或水田休耕後最大可釋放水量作為目標函數,將各標的需求量、水權限制、可用水量、水利設施限制及休耕策略等轉化為限制式,建立水資源調配線性規劃之模式架構。

    Since 1997, Taiwan government had promoted Adjustment of paddy and upland field projectto allocate production structure of ensure price plants, for example, rice. Due to the rice import after joining the World Trade Organization, the areas of paddy fields will have to be decreased from 333.9 thousand hectares to 300 thousand hectares. It is necessary to implement the fallow of rice paddy fields in turn to adjust the domestic rice production structure and areas. Therefore, the release water resources need to be reasonably reallocated after implementing the fallow of paddy fields in Pingtung areas in corporation with Agricultural Irrigation Association’s irrigation system of fallow plan by year and by area.

    This study collected and analyzed the data of 18 working stations supervised by Pingtung Agricultural Irrigation Association (PAIA), including irrigation system maps, length of main and branch of the system, irrigation area of paddy and upland, water right of surface and groundwater, house-power and number of pumping machines, electric utilization of pumping wells, and irrigation planning. In addition, the target water supply planning was evaluated for the major investment and exploration cases in Pingtung areas. PAIA is entitled 24996 hectares of irrigation areas, in which 5910 hectares are paddy fields. The irrigation areas take up 36% of the planting areas in Pingtung County. The irrigation planning of source water combines 375.1 million cubic meter (MCM) of surface water and 141.4 MCM of groundwater. After the fallow of all paddy fields, the total volume of water available to be released is 167 MCM, in which 54.8 MCM of water come from Ai-Liao water system, 67.6 MCM from Kao-Ping water system, and 44.3 MCM from Tong-kung water system. Further more, this study used minimum of groundwater, or maximum release water as an objective function after the fallow of paddy fields. Some parameters, such as water demanding of targets, water right restriction, available amount of water, hydraulic facility limitation, and fallow policy, were converted to constrain equations to build the model structure of water resources allocation by Linear Programming.

 

 

 

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